Does petroleum jelly help wounds heal faster?

How Petroleum Jelly Helps Wounds Heal Faster: An Introduction

Understanding how petroleum jelly helps wounds heal faster involves delving into the stages of the wound healing process. Petroleum jelly acts by maintaining a moist environment, which is critical for the proliferation phase, where new tissue and blood vessels form to replace the damaged ones. This occlusive substance does not just prevent the wound from drying out and forming a hard scab but also ensures that the newly forming tissue can do so without being exposed to potential sources of infection or dehydration, thereby enhancing the healing speed and quality of the wound care process.

Introduction to Petroleum Jelly: Composition and Common Uses

Petroleum jelly, widely recognized under the brand name Vaseline, is a blend of mineral oils and waxes, which come together to form a semi-solid jelly-like substance. Its history dates back to 1859 when Robert Chesebrough discovered this versatile material at oil rig sites where it was used to heal cuts and burns of workers. The unique feature of petroleum jelly is its ability to lock in moisture, making it an invaluable component in skin care regimens and various medical applications.

Composition

At its core, petroleum jelly is a byproduct of the oil refining process. This means it originates from the same crude oil that is transformed into gasoline and other petroleum products. The jelly is created by distilling a dense waxy material from the oil. Once purified, this substance undergoes a filtration process to become the clear, odorless jelly familiar to consumers worldwide. The composition primarily includes a mix of hydrocarbons, which are molecules made of hydrogen and carbon.

Common Uses

1. Moisturizing Skin: Its most celebrated use is as a moisturizer. Due to its occlusive properties, petroleum jelly can create a barrier on the skin surface, preventing moisture loss. This makes it ideal for treating dry, chapped skin or lips, especially in harsh winter months.
2. Wound Care: Petroleum jelly has a longstanding history in wound care, thanks to its ability to keep the wound moist. This environment is conducive to healing, as it can prevent a wound from drying out and forming a scab, which can slow the healing process.
3. Beauty and Cosmetics: Beyond medical and skincare applications, petroleum jelly is also a staple in beauty routines. It’s used as a base for homemade lip balms, to tame eyebrows, and even as a gentle makeup remover.
4. Protection Against Diaper Rash: Its barrier-forming action is not just limited to adults. Petroleum jelly is commonly applied to infants to prevent diaper rash by creating a protective shield between the baby’s skin and potential irritants.
5. Lubrication: On a more practical note, petroleum jelly serves as a lubricant in various mechanical and industrial applications, though its use in sensitive environments is limited due to its petroleum base.
6. Preservation: It’s used to protect and preserve the shine of leather goods and prevent rusting on metal surfaces.

In conclusion, petroleum jelly’s unique composition of hydrocarbons contributes to its wide range of applications, from personal care to practical uses in everyday life. Its ability to form a protective barrier on the skin makes it an indispensable product in moisturizing dry skin, aiding in wound care, and even in various household and industrial tasks. Despite its humble origins, petroleum jelly has cemented its place as a multifaceted product in both the medical and consumer goods industries.

The Healing Process: How Wounds Heal

Understanding the healing process is crucial for anyone interested in skin care, medical treatments, or simply looking to take better care of their minor injuries. Wound healing is a sophisticated biological process that occurs in several stages, each crucial for restoring the integrity and function of damaged skin. This process involves a coordinated effort between different types of cells, proteins, and signaling pathways, all working together to repair the injury.

Stages of Wound Healing

1. Hemostasis Phase: Immediately after an injury, the body initiates the hemostasis phase to stop the bleeding. Blood vessels constrict to reduce blood flow, and platelets gather at the site to form a clot. This not only minimizes blood loss but also creates a temporary barrier against pathogens.
2. Inflammatory Phase: Following hemostasis, the inflammatory phase begins. This is characterized by redness, warmth, swelling, and sometimes pain around the wound. During this stage, white blood cells rush to the scene to eliminate bacteria, dead cells, and any foreign materials, effectively cleaning the wound.
3. Proliferative Phase: Once the wound is cleared of debris, the proliferative phase kicks in. This stage involves the growth of new tissue, powered by the proliferation of fibroblasts that produce collagen and other extracellular matrix proteins to fill the wound. New blood vessels form to nourish the area, and the wound starts to contract as new tissue rebuilds the damaged site.
4. Maturation or Remodeling Phase: The final phase is the maturation or remodeling phase, where the wound fully closes and the newly formed tissue strengthens and becomes more flexible. Collagen fibers reorganize, and the new tissue gradually assumes the appearance and functionality of the surrounding skin, although it might be less elastic and have a different texture.

Factors Influencing Wound Healing

Several factors can influence how well and how quickly a wound heals, including:

• Age: Younger skin tends to heal faster due to better circulation and more robust cellular activities.
• Nutrition: Adequate nutrition, particularly proteins, vitamins C and E, and zinc, play a vital role in supporting the healing process.
• Hydration: Keeping the wound environment moist can accelerate healing by facilitating cell migration and reducing the risk of scab formation.
• Overall Health: Conditions like diabetes or a weakened immune system can slow down the healing process.

Role of Petroleum Jelly in Wound Healing

Petroleum jelly can play a supportive role in the wound healing process, primarily during the inflammatory and proliferative phases. By maintaining a moist environment, it prevents the wound from drying out and forming a hard scab, which can slow down healing. This occlusive barrier also protects the wound from infections and minimizes the chances of scarring.

In summary, wound healing is a complex but orderly process that restores the skin’s integrity after injury. Understanding these stages helps in adopting appropriate care measures, such as the application of petroleum jelly, to support and expedite the healing process. Proper wound management, considering the factors affecting healing, can lead to faster recovery and minimize complications.

Petroleum Jelly and Wound Care: Enhancing the Healing Journey

Petroleum jelly, a common household item, has long been revered for its skin-protective qualities. When it comes to wound care, its role is both protective and therapeutic, offering a simple yet effective method to support the body’s natural healing process. The application of petroleum jelly on wounds, under appropriate conditions, can significantly enhance the healing journey by creating an optimal environment for tissue repair and regeneration.

Creating a Moist Healing Environment

One of the primary benefits of petroleum jelly is its ability to retain moisture. This is particularly beneficial for wounds, as a moist environment can facilitate cell migration, speed up the healing process, and reduce the risk of scar formation. By preventing the wound from drying out and forming a hard scab, petroleum jelly ensures that the new tissue can grow without unnecessary obstruction.

Barrier Against Infection

Petroleum jelly acts as a barrier against external contaminants, protecting the wound from bacteria and other pathogens that could cause infection. This barrier function is crucial in the early stages of wound healing when the skin’s natural defense mechanism is compromised. By keeping the wound covered with a thin layer of petroleum jelly, the risk of infection and subsequent complications can be minimized.

Reducing Scarring

Scars form when the skin’s healing process is disrupted or when a wound heals slowly, allowing more time for scar tissue to develop. Petroleum jelly can help reduce scarring by keeping the wound moist and facilitating the more efficient formation of new tissue. Moreover, by preventing the formation of a hard scab, petroleum jelly allows for the wound to heal with less tension and stress on the surrounding skin, which can also contribute to less noticeable scarring.

Supporting All Stages of Healing

Petroleum jelly is beneficial across different stages of the wound healing process:

• During the inflammatory phase, it helps keep the wound clean and protected.
• In the proliferative phase, it promotes efficient tissue synthesis and angiogenesis (formation of new blood vessels) by maintaining a moist environment.
• During the maturation phase, it supports the remodeling of collagen and the strengthening of the new skin.

Application Tips for Wound Care

• Clean the Wound: Before applying petroleum jelly, ensure the wound is clean and free from debris. Gently wash the area with soap and water and pat dry.
• Apply Thinly: A thin layer of petroleum jelly is sufficient to create a protective barrier and maintain moisture.
• Cover: After applying petroleum jelly, cover the wound with a sterile bandage to keep it clean and protected.
• Reapply: Regularly change the dressing and reapply petroleum jelly to keep the wound moist until it heals completely.

Incorporating petroleum jelly into wound care can significantly enhance the body’s healing process by maintaining a moist environment, protecting against infections, and reducing the potential for scarring. Its simplicity, accessibility, and effectiveness make it a valuable tool in both professional and at-home wound care. By understanding and utilizing petroleum jelly’s benefits, individuals can support their healing journey and achieve better outcomes with minimal complications.

Scientific Insights: Does Petroleum Jelly Speed Up Healing?

The efficacy of petroleum jelly in wound care has been a topic of interest within the medical community for decades. Scientific research and clinical observations have provided insights into how petroleum jelly interacts with the wound healing process. This exploration seeks to understand whether petroleum jelly truly speeds up the healing process, examining the evidence from a scientific and practical standpoint.

The Role of Moisture in Wound Healing

Central to the debate on petroleum jelly’s effectiveness is its ability to create and maintain a moist wound environment. Studies have consistently shown that wounds heal more efficiently in moist conditions. Moisture facilitates the migration of epithelial cells across the wound bed, an essential step in the closure of wounds. Furthermore, a moist environment reduces the risk of tissue dehydration and death, which can delay healing and increase the risk of infection.

Petroleum Jelly as an Occlusive Dressing

Petroleum jelly acts as an occlusive dressing, meaning it prevents air and bacteria from reaching the wound, while retaining moisture. This occlusivity mimics the skin’s natural barrier function, which can be compromised in the case of a wound. By doing so, petroleum jelly minimizes water loss from the wound surface and protects the wound from external contaminants.

Evidence on Healing Speed

Research comparing the healing times of wounds treated with petroleum jelly to those treated with other dressings or left untreated has yielded varied results. Some studies indicate that wounds covered with an occlusive layer like petroleum jelly heal faster than those exposed to air or covered with non-occlusive dressings. This is attributed to the maintenance of a moist environment, which is conducive to cell proliferation and wound contraction.

However, it’s crucial to note that the speed of healing can also depend on the wound’s nature and the overall health of the individual. For instance, chronic wounds or those in individuals with compromised immune systems might respond differently to treatment with petroleum jelly.

Reducing Infection Risk

A significant aspect of wound care is preventing infection, which can severely impede healing. While petroleum jelly does not possess inherent antimicrobial properties, its barrier function can help prevent bacterial contamination of the wound. Some studies suggest that maintaining a moist environment can also support the body’s innate immune responses, potentially reducing the risk of infection.

Considerations and Limitations

Despite the benefits, there are situations where petroleum jelly might not be the recommended choice. For example, wounds with heavy exudate might require more specialized dressings that can manage fluid levels. Moreover, there’s a theoretical risk of trapping bacteria under the occlusive barrier if the wound is not properly cleaned before application.

The scientific consensus suggests that petroleum jelly can play a beneficial role in the wound healing process, primarily through the maintenance of a moist environment and protection against external contaminants. While it may not universally “speed up” healing compared to all other treatments, its advantages in promoting a favorable healing environment are well-documented. For optimal healing outcomes, the use of petroleum jelly should be considered as part of a broader wound care strategy, tailored to the specific needs of the wound and the individual.

Potential Risks and Benefits: A Balanced View on Petroleum Jelly

Petroleum jelly, a staple in many households and medical settings, offers a range of benefits for skin care and wound management. However, like any substance, it comes with potential risks that warrant consideration. Providing a balanced perspective on petroleum jelly involves examining both its advantages and the concerns associated with its use, ensuring informed decisions in its application.

Benefits of Petroleum Jelly

Moisture Retention: Petroleum jelly excels in its ability to lock in moisture, making it an excellent choice for treating dry, cracked skin and lips. Its occlusive nature forms a protective barrier on the skin’s surface, preventing the evaporation of water and thus, aiding in hydration.

Wound Protection: For minor cuts, burns, and abrasions, petroleum jelly can protect the wound from external irritants and infections by creating a sterile environment around it. This protective layer supports the body’s natural healing process by keeping the wound moist and clean.

Affordability and Accessibility: One of the significant advantages of petroleum jelly is its cost-effectiveness and widespread availability. It’s a budget-friendly option that can be found in almost any pharmacy, supermarket, or convenience store.

Versatility: Beyond skin care and wound healing, petroleum jelly has numerous applications, including as a lubricant for stuck objects, a protector against diaper rash, and even in beauty routines to define eyelashes and brows.

Potential Risks

Purity Concerns: Not all petroleum jelly products are created equal. Some may contain impurities linked to health risks if not properly refined. It’s essential to choose products that meet the safety standards and are specifically labeled as safe for use on the skin.

Comedogenic Properties: For individuals with acne-prone or oily skin, petroleum jelly can exacerbate skin problems by clogging pores and causing breakouts. It’s recommended to use it cautiously on the face or other acne-prone areas.

Infection Risk: While petroleum jelly can prevent bacteria from entering a wound, there’s a risk of trapping bacteria inside if the wound is not thoroughly cleaned before application. This can lead to infection, especially in deep wounds or burns.

Respiratory Issues: Accidental inhalation of petroleum jelly can cause respiratory issues, particularly in infants and young children. Care should be taken to use it appropriately and keep it out of reach of small children.

Environmental Concerns: Being a byproduct of the oil refining process, petroleum jelly’s environmental impact is also a consideration. The production and disposal of petroleum-based products contribute to pollution and the depletion of non-renewable resources.

The use of petroleum jelly offers significant benefits, particularly in skin care and wound management, due to its moisture-retaining and protective properties. However, awareness of its potential risks is crucial for its safe and effective application. By choosing high-quality, purified products and using them judiciously, individuals can leverage the advantages of petroleum jelly while minimizing its drawbacks. As with any product, personal circumstances and the specific needs of the skin or wound should guide its use, potentially consulting a healthcare provider for advice on individual cases.

Alternative Wound Care Options: Comparing with Petroleum Jelly

While petroleum jelly has been a go-to option for wound care due to its moisture-retaining properties and protective barrier function, there are several alternative treatments available. These alternatives cater to different wound types, healing stages, and individual skin sensitivities. Exploring these options provides a comprehensive understanding of wound care management and how they stack up against the traditional use of petroleum jelly.

Hydrocolloid Dressings

Benefits: Hydrocolloid dressings are adhesive, waterproof bandages made from gel-forming agents. They provide a moist and insulated healing environment, actively absorbing exudate while protecting the wound from external contaminants. Ideal for moderate to lightly exuding wounds, these dressings can stay in place for several days, reducing the need for frequent changes.

Comparison: Unlike petroleum jelly, hydrocolloid dressings can manage fluid levels, making them suitable for a wider range of wound types, including those with moderate exudation. They also offer the convenience of less frequent dressing changes due to their long wear time.

Antibacterial Ointments

Benefits: Antibacterial ointments contain active ingredients such as neomycin, bacitracin, or polymyxin B, which help prevent or treat wound infections. These ointments can be particularly useful for cuts or abrasions that are at a higher risk of becoming infected.

Comparison: While petroleum jelly provides a barrier against bacteria, antibacterial ointments actively kill bacteria or inhibit their growth. However, overuse of these ointments can lead to antibiotic resistance and may not be necessary for all wound types.

Honey-Based Dressings

Benefits: Medical-grade honey dressings are recognized for their natural antibacterial properties, ability to reduce inflammation, and facilitate wound healing. Honey provides a moist healing environment, similar to petroleum jelly, but with added antimicrobial benefits.

Comparison: Honey-based dressings offer the advantage of active wound cleansing and infection prevention while promoting healing. Unlike petroleum jelly, honey can be used on infected wounds or those at high risk of infection.

Alginate Dressings

Benefits: Alginate dressings are made from seaweed and are highly absorbent, making them ideal for wounds with significant exudate. They form a gel-like substance when in contact with wound fluid, maintaining a moist environment conducive to healing.

Comparison: Alginates are better suited for managing larger amounts of exudate compared to petroleum jelly. They are particularly useful for wounds that are too wet for petroleum jelly to be effective.

Silicone Gel Sheets

Benefits: Silicone gel sheets are used primarily for scar management, reducing the appearance of scars by hydrating the tissue. They can also be used on closed wounds to prevent hypertrophic scars and keloids.

Comparison: While petroleum jelly helps in preventing scars by keeping the wound moist, silicone gel sheets offer targeted scar treatment and prevention after the wound has closed.

Each wound care option comes with its specific benefits and is suited for different types of wounds and healing phases. Petroleum jelly remains a valuable and accessible choice for basic wound care, especially for keeping minor cuts, scrapes, and burns moist and protected. However, for wounds requiring more specialized care, such as those with high risk of infection, significant exudate, or prone to scarring, alternative dressings and treatments may offer better outcomes. Selecting the appropriate wound care treatment depends on the wound’s characteristics, the healing stage, and individual skin sensitivities, often requiring consultation with a healthcare provider to ensure optimal healing.

Petroleum Jelly Myths Debunked: What Science Says

Petroleum jelly, a ubiquitous product found in nearly every home’s medicine cabinet, has been the subject of various myths and misconceptions. Despite its widespread use for over a century, some skepticism remains regarding its safety and efficacy. Let’s explore the science behind common myths about petroleum jelly, separating fact from fiction.

Myth 1: Petroleum Jelly Causes Cancer

Debunked: The concern that petroleum jelly is carcinogenic stems from misconceptions about its origin. Petroleum jelly is a byproduct of the oil refining process, but it undergoes rigorous purification to remove any potentially harmful substances. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requires all cosmetic-grade petroleum jelly to be highly refined and considers it safe for use. Scientific studies have not found any direct link between the use of purified petroleum jelly and cancer.

Myth 2: It Ages Skin by Suffocating It

Debunked: Petroleum jelly acts as an occlusive barrier, locking in moisture to prevent dryness. Some believe this barrier “suffocates” the skin, interfering with its natural breathing process and leading to premature aging. However, skin does not “breathe” in the sense of oxygen exchange; it receives oxygen from the blood. Petroleum jelly can actually aid skin health by maintaining moisture levels, essential for skin elasticity and preventing the signs of aging.

Myth 3: It’s Highly Comedogenic (Pore-Clogging)

Debunked: The belief that petroleum jelly clogs pores is widespread, but this isn’t entirely accurate. Pure, high-quality petroleum jelly is non-comedogenic, meaning it should not clog pores or cause acne. However, if applied to dirty or oily skin, it can trap debris and oil, potentially leading to breakouts. It’s best used on clean skin, and those with acne-prone skin might choose to use it cautiously or seek alternatives.

Myth 4: It Doesn’t Actually Moisturize the Skin

Debunked: While petroleum jelly doesn’t moisturize in the traditional sense of drawing moisture into the skin, it plays a crucial role in maintaining skin’s moisture by forming a protective barrier. This barrier prevents water loss, locking in moisture and allowing the skin’s natural healing process to repair dry or damaged areas. For enhanced moisturizing benefits, apply it over damp skin or over a hydrating serum.

Myth 5: All Petroleum Jelly Products Are the Same

Debunked: Not all products labeled as petroleum jelly are created equal. The safety and efficacy of petroleum jelly depend on its refinement process. Cosmetic or pharmaceutical-grade petroleum jelly, which is fully refined and purified, is considered safe for use. Consumers should look for reputable brands and check labels to ensure they are getting a high-quality product.

The myths surrounding petroleum jelly often overshadow its proven benefits as a skin protectant and healing aid. Scientific evidence supports its safe use for a variety of purposes, from moisturizing dry skin to aiding in wound care. As with any product, understanding its properties, benefits, and the science behind it enables informed decisions, ensuring that petroleum jelly can continue to be a valuable part of skincare routines.

Guidelines for Safe Use: Maximizing the Benefits of Petroleum Jelly

Petroleum jelly, a versatile and widely used product, can offer numerous benefits for skin care and wound healing when used correctly. To ensure you maximize these benefits while minimizing any potential risks, it’s important to follow guidelines for its safe and effective use. Here are key recommendations for incorporating petroleum jelly into your care routine responsibly.

Choose the Right Product

• Look for High-Quality: Opt for white petroleum jelly that is labeled as triple-purified or meets USP (United States Pharmacopeia) standards. This ensures the product has been refined to remove impurities, making it safe for use on the skin.
• Avoid Fragranced or Flavored Varieties: For sensitive skin areas, particularly on the face or lips, choose unscented and unflavored versions to reduce the risk of irritation or allergic reactions.

Application on Skin

• Clean Area Before Application: To prevent trapping bacteria under the skin, thoroughly clean and dry the area before applying petroleum jelly. This is especially crucial for wound care to avoid infections.
• Use in Moderation: A thin layer is sufficient to lock in moisture and protect the skin. Excessive application can feel heavy and may trap heat, especially on sensitive or inflamed skin.
• Targeted Application: Apply petroleum jelly to particularly dry areas, such as elbows, heels, and cuticles, to prevent cracking and improve hydration. For facial use, those with oily or acne-prone skin should apply it sparingly to avoid potential breakouts.

Wound Care

• Appropriate for Minor Wounds: Use petroleum jelly on small cuts, scratches, or burns after cleaning. It keeps the wound moist, which can promote faster healing and reduce scarring.
• Cover with a Bandage: After applying petroleum jelly, cover the wound with a clean bandage or gauze to keep it protected from dirt and germs.
• Monitor the Wound: Watch for signs of infection, such as increased redness, swelling, or pain. If any of these occur, consult a healthcare provider.

Special Considerations

• Not for Deep Wounds or Burns: Avoid using petroleum jelly on deep or severe burns and wounds. In such cases, seek medical attention for appropriate treatment.
• Beware of Inhalation Risks: Be cautious when applying near the nose, especially in infants and young children, to prevent the risk of aspiration or lipid pneumonia from inhalation.

Storage and Shelf Life

• Store Properly: Keep the container tightly closed and store in a cool, dry place to maintain its efficacy and prevent contamination.
• Check Expiration Date: While petroleum jelly does not easily spoil, using it within the recommended time frame ensures its safety and effectiveness.

Petroleum jelly is a valuable addition to both skincare and first aid practices when used properly. By following these guidelines, you can harness the full potential of petroleum jelly to protect and heal your skin while ensuring its use is both safe and beneficial. Remember, when in doubt, especially regarding wounds or skin conditions, consulting a healthcare professional is always the best course of action.

In conclusion, the exploration of how petroleum jelly helps wounds heal faster has unfolded its multifaceted role in skin care and wound management. Scientific evidence supports the notion that petroleum jelly, by creating a protective barrier over wounds, not only prevents infection but also maintains a moist environment conducive to the healing process. This moisture retention is crucial for cell proliferation and wound healing, reducing the likelihood of scarring and speeding up recovery. While it’s essential to consider the type of wound and individual skin conditions, the consensus indicates that, for minor cuts, burns, and abrasions, the application of petroleum jelly can be an effective part of the healing regimen. Its benefits extend beyond mere moisture retention, offering protection against environmental irritants and contributing to the overall health of the skin’s barrier function. By adhering to guidelines for its safe use, individuals can leverage the healing properties of petroleum jelly to enhance skin recovery effectively.

Top FAQs: Expert Answers to Your Common Queries

Does Vaseline speed up wound healing?
Yes, Vaseline (petroleum jelly) can help speed up the wound healing process by creating a protective barrier over the wound. This barrier keeps the wound moist, which is essential for the natural healing process, encouraging the migration of skin cells and reducing the overall time for wound healing.

Does Vaseline boost healing?
Indeed, Vaseline aids in boosting the healing process. By maintaining a moist environment, it prevents the wound from becoming dry and forming a scab, which can slow down healing. This moist environment is conducive to cell growth and wound repair.

How can I speed up the healing of a wound?
To speed up wound healing, keep the wound clean and moist. Applying a thin layer of Vaseline and covering it with a sterile bandage can protect and maintain the right healing environment. Additionally, ensure you’re consuming a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals that support skin repair.

Can bacteria grow in petroleum jelly?
While petroleum jelly itself does not harbor bacteria, improper application on unclean skin can trap bacteria beneath it. Always apply petroleum jelly to clean, disinfected skin to prevent bacterial growth and potential infections.

How long should you put Vaseline on a wound?
You should continue applying Vaseline on the wound until it heals completely. This typically involves applying a thin layer over the wound and reapplying after each cleaning (at least once daily) to keep the wound moist and protected.

When not to use Vaseline?
Avoid using Vaseline on deep wounds, burns, or infections without consulting a healthcare provider. It’s also recommended to avoid its use if you have a known allergy to petroleum products.

Is it bad to leave Vaseline on overnight?
Leaving Vaseline on the skin overnight is generally safe and can be beneficial for dry skin, lips, and minor cuts or scratches. It helps lock in moisture and supports the skin’s healing process.

Is it OK to use Vaseline every day?
Yes, it’s safe to use Vaseline daily for moisturizing dry skin, protecting minor cuts, and preventing chapped lips. However, individuals with acne-prone skin should use it sparingly on the face to avoid clogging pores.

Is it OK to wear Vaseline to bed?
Applying Vaseline before bed can be an effective way to heal dry skin and lips overnight. Ensure your skin is clean before application to maximize benefits without risking clogged pores or skin irritation.

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Petroleum Jelly (Vaseline)