CAUSTIC SODA

Initially, soap manufacturers produced sodium hydroxide or Caustic Soda. The Yemeni ruler Al-Muzaffar Yusuf Ibn Umar Ibn Ali Ibn Rasul authored the book "Fi Fanon Man Al-Sunnah" in which Al-Mukhtar, a scientist from the 13th century, discovered a formula for producing sodium hydroxide. Henry Ernest Stapleton (1878-1962), an English scientist and archaeologist, has offered proof that Mohammad Zakaria Razi was familiar with sodium hydroxide. The sodium hydroxide is produced by running water through a combination of lye, which is saltwort ash, and quicklime. European soap manufacturers followed the same guidelines. Other accounts indicate that Humphry Davy developed sodium hydroxide in 1807. Unknown is the test performed to find this chemical.

Caustic Soda is an odorless and white chemical compound, and the solution of Caustic Soda in alkaline water is extremely corrosive, making it useful in a variety of industries. Sodium hydroxide, sometimes known as Caustic Soda, is one of the most commonly used chemicals in industry. Due to its alkalinity and fat-dissolving characteristics, Caustic Soda is used in several industries. Consequently, this chemical compound is often called an industrial degreaser or degreaser. 111 grams of Caustic Soda are soluble in 100 milliliters of water at 20 degrees Celsius. Increasing the temperature naturally enhances the solubility of solid Caustic Soda in water. Equally soluble in organic solvents such as ethanol, methanol, and glycerin is sodium hydroxide.

Given that Caustic Soda is a material with a strong corrosive capacity or an alkaline chemical composition, a number of industrial applications have been identified for it, including:

• The production of organic chemicals.
• Manufacturing cosmetics such as soaps and exfoliating masks.
• Production of all types of industrial detergents based on the solubility of lipids by sodium hydroxide.
• Raw material used in the manufacture of all pigments and colors in the dye industry.
• Bleaching of textile-related fabrics.
• Manufacturing of various types of ceramics and glasses.
• Defined food industry procedures.
• Fuel cell production.
• PH adjustment factor in water filtration and water hardness reduction.
• Eliminating acid from chemicals used in the petrochemical sector and oil and gas refineries

Certainly, it is not inappropriate to say that its primary uses are in the manufacture of aluminum for the steel and metallurgy sectors, the manufacturing of paper pulp and the bleaching of paper and chemical industries.

1- High alkalinity is one of the features of Caustic Soda. As a result, it is used as a pH regulator.

2- The melting point and density of Caustic Soda Flakes are 318 degrees Celsius and 2.13 grams per cubic centimeter, respectively.

3- In solid form, sodium hydroxide is white and odorless, and it dissolves in hot water. Therefore, entering the water causes its temperature to rise.

4- One of the characteristics of Caustic Soda is its exceptional capacity to absorb water and carbon dioxide. This necessitates packaging that is resistant to moisture.

5- Sodium hydroxide, sometimes known as Caustic Soda, is a strong alkali. Even if there is no danger of explosion or fire. The reaction between sodium hydroxide and acids, such as hydrochloric acid, neutralizes and generates a great deal of heat.

6- It causes metals such as aluminum, tin, and zinc to corrode. It creates hydrogen, which has the ability to act as an explosive gas, throughout this process.

7- They are very absorbent for water and carbon dioxide or sulfur dioxide in the air.

8- When Caustic Soda Liquid is diluted, a substantial quantity of heat is produced. Because this rapidly creates great heat, and if water is put into it carelessly, the resultant solution may splash, care should be used while adding water.

A lye is a metal hydroxide usually made by leaching wood ashes, or a highly soluble alkali that produces caustic basic solutions. Most often, the term "lye" refers to sodium hydroxide or Caustic Soda NaOH. Currently, lye is produced commercially utilizing a membrane cell chlor-alkali method. Soap has always been made using lye as a main component.

Numerous enterprises make substantial use of Caustic Soda. Consequently, its manufacturing rate is increasing everyday throughout the majority of the world. Oceania, China, the United States, Germany, etc. are now among the top producers of this commodity. China is the only country in Asia with a considerable sodium hydroxide market, and it is one of the leading producers of this chemical. The energy-intensive and expensive nature of Caustic Soda production has a significant impact on market growth and price volatility. Nonetheless, as production in other industries grows, so will demand for this material.

China will account for over sixty percent of the sodium hydroxide market by 2031, according to PetroNaft Company's research team. This country has committed around $10 million to develop a Caustic Soda production factory. Also, the demand for sodium hydroxide or Caustic Soda is gradually increasing on the U.S. market, and it is projected that sales of this material will reach their peak around 2030. surpass 81 million dollars in worth. It should be underlined that Germany's chemical manufacturing business is one of the world's most well-known and has always developed substantially. According to the report, in 2021 the German market for Caustic Soda generated around $1.3 billion.

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In the drilling industry, the following situations call for sodium hydroxide with the formula NaOH, often known as CAUSTIC SODA:

Calcium and magnesium cations may precipitate as Ca(oh)2 and Mg(oh)2 when the pH of drilling muds is increased in order to prevent corrosion and minimize pollution caused by calcium or magnesium in muds.

To produce the appropriate alkaline environment in order to distribute the particles and boost the production of bentonite muds.

Due to its total solubility in water, it will not leave any deposits on the pipes and equipment used for mud-related tasks.

It serves a crucial function in drilling by enabling and conserving drilling mud.

The leather industry is one of the rare sectors in which a natural raw material undergoes many phases of transformation into a standard product. In the past, it took around three months to complete all phases of leather manufacture using the old method. During the degreasing process, Caustic Soda is employed in the leather industry following depilation and removal of wool and non-fibrous proteins from the surface of the skin by lime. Some skins, like sheepskin, contain fat, which must be removed prior to tanning. As is well known, Caustic Soda has very corrosive and fat-dissolving qualities; hence, it is used to remove fat in leather and tannery factories and workshops.

To produce one ton of paper, 5 cubic meters of wood are needed, which is obtained from 50 trees. Recovering 1 ton of waste paper means saving 17 trees. Recovery of waste paper preserves the environment and forests and prevents energy waste.

Sodium hydroxide, or Caustic Soda, is a widely used chemical substance in various industries. Sodium hydroxide, or Caustic Soda, is used as the main chemical substance in ink removal.

Types of ink and their properties:

-Oily ink:

It is hydrophobic.

It is difficult to separate from the paper.

It is difficult to wash off.

Washing water pollutes the environment.

Its average particle size is 5 to 10 μm.

It is suitable for the flotation process.

It has a low density.

-Aqueous ink:

It simply peels off the paper.

It is easily removed by washing.

Washing water does not pollute the environment.

Its average particle size is smaller than 1 μm.

It is used for the washing process.

The nature of ink particles:

Typical ink particles consist of the following materials:

Pigment

Adhesive agents (oily or aqueous).

Additives (organic acid, resins).

Covering and clarifying

Ink removal for paper recycling is done in the following ways:

1-Ink removal by washing

2-Ink removal by flotation

- Temperature:

Less than 40 degrees Celsius is the ideal storage temperature for Caustic Soda. It is vital to note that the liquid viscosity of this product (Caustic Soda Liquid 50%) significantly rises at low temperatures. Consequently, there may be issues with the product's transportation and pumping. In cold weather, it is essential to heat product transmission lines to prevent obstructions in the transmission pipes. This may be accomplished with 103 kPa of steam flow or with electric heating. As a consequence, Caustic Soda storage warehouses must always be equipped with temperature control so that the temperature stays consistent between 29 and 38 degrees Celsius. These controllers (thermocouples) provide a warning signal if the temperature increases.

- Tank and bag assortment:

When storing Caustic Soda, three significant considerations must be taken into account: 1- The hazardous and corrosive character of this product, which may be very hazardous to personnel. 2- The viscosity of the liquid form of this substance rises fast at temperatures below 16 degrees Celsius, hence the storage temperature must be above this threshold. 3- The weight of 50 percent sodium hydroxide liquid is 1.5 times that of water (with the same volume).

Solid Caustic Soda is often kept in thin steel drums; using aluminum, tin, zinc and its alloys, chromium, or lead may cause severe damage. In aluminum tanks, for instance, the interaction of hydrogen and oxygen in the presence of heat results in the production of extremely flammable hydrogen gas.

Caustic Soda Flakes are often kept in paper or PVC-coated paper bags. In the next sections, we will examine the maintenance requirements for each of the following situations:

1- Carbonic acid in a bag:

To preserve the stability of the product, the bags must constantly be stored in a warehouse with a dehumidifier and air conditioner to eliminate moisture and chill the air.

If outdoor storage is inevitable, the bags should be coated with black plastic to prevent exposure to moisture and sunlight.

Prevent absorption of moisture and carbon dioxide by preventing direct contact with air.

2- Caustic Soda in the barrel:

Drums should be stored upright and ideally inside to avoid corrosion caused by surface water. During the maintenance time, ensure that the valves stay closed. Cover the drums with a waterproof coating if you are storing them outdoors. Maintain a constantly dry warehouse.

Because Caustic Soda is very corrosive and highly irritating, workers must wear protective coverings at all stages of working with it.

Due to its corrosive qualities, contact with Caustic Soda causes severe irritation and damage to the skin and eyes. In the event of bodily contact with sodium hydroxide powder, first remove the powder with a dry towel and then wash the affected area with water for 30 minutes. Note that when Caustic Soda is combined with water, it turns corrosive; thus, ensure that all of the powder is removed from the skin's surface before washing with water. People may sometimes use wet wipes to remove the powder from the skin's surface from the very beginning; nevertheless, the wipes' moisture might react with Caustic Soda and cause severe injury to the body.

In the event of contact with Caustic Soda Liquid, you must first remove the solution from the skin's surface with a dry towel and then wash the skin with water for 30 minutes, until the solution has been entirely removed from the skin's surface.

Depending on the concentration of the infected fluid, sodium hydroxide might cause blindness if it enters the eye. If your eyes get tainted with Caustic Soda, you should immediately contact a professional and wash your eyes with water until the surface of your eyes is entirely clean.

Depending on the vapor concentration, inhaling sodium hydroxide may result in minor to severe harm, including sneezing, sore throat, runny nose, and lung irritation.

- The harmful effects of Caustic Soda on the skin:

Due to its strong reactivity, Caustic Soda may eliminate fat from a variety of surfaces. Unfortunately, one of the worst consequences of Caustic Soda Flakes on the skin is producing severe burns, which are common in households.

- Caustic Soda is hazardous to the eyes:

As soon as Caustic Soda joins water, exothermic reactions occur and hazardous gases are released into the atmosphere. After entering the eyes, this gas causes significant visual impairment as well as eye burns and redness.

- Caustic Soda Flakes' threats to the respiratory system:

The Caustic Soda Flakes and water solution should never be used in enclosed or poorly ventilated areas. After interacting with water and other compounds on the target surface, these substances form poisonous gas, which, when inhaled, causes harm to the lungs and respiratory tract.

- Dangers of Caustic Soda Flakes to the digestive tract:

One of the worst possible outcomes of ingesting Caustic Soda Flakes is for these chemicals to enter the digestive tract. These very corrosive chemicals attack the lipids in the digestive system and cause serious burns.

In the event of contact with the body, just water is required to remove Caustic Soda; washing and neutralizing chemicals should not be used. Immediately after beginning to wash with water, medical facilities should be called to acquire the essential advice. Continue washing for 30 minutes unless instructed otherwise by a medical professional.

When a person does not wash after coming into touch with water, irreversible harm is caused.

This compound is not classified as a carcinogen by the Department of Health and Human Services (DHHS), International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC), or Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Corrosiveness and tissue damage have also been linked to esophageal cancer; however, this chemical is not a carcinogen.

Ask the maker or supplier of the Caustic Soda Flakes you bought for the MSDS.

- Eye contact:

Immediately flush the eyes with a low-pressure eyewash fountain. After washing the hands thoroughly, keep the eyelids open and rinse the eyes with water for 30 minutes; discontinue rinsing with water only if instructed otherwise by a professional.

- Dermal contact:

Continuously wash the affected skin with water for thirty minutes. Remove your clothing before bathing. If your eyes are not polluted, do not remove your safety glasses until your head and hands have been thoroughly cleansed. Because Caustic Soda may dissolve in water and enter the eye after cleaning. Burns caused by this substance may not manifest until 24 to 48 years after the incident.

- Consuming:

In the event of swallowing, you should immediately consume a large amount of water or milk (about 240 ml) and contact a medical facility. If the poisoned individual has lost consciousness, he should not be forced to consume anything. Avoid vomiting induction.

- Breath in:

In the event of inhalation of Caustic Soda Flakes vapor, immediately transport the victim to fresh air and contact medical professionals. If the poisoned individual is not breathing, give him artificial respiration; if he has difficulty breathing, give him an oxygen capsule (should be done by experienced people).

-Dress:

Before reuse, wash soiled garments and coverings completely. Leather products such as shoes, belts, and watchbands should be cleaned.

In the event of contamination with Caustic Soda, contacting medical emergency services as soon as possible is crucial.

Caustic Soda Flakes react vigorously with numerous organic and inorganic substances, such as strong acids, nitroaromatics, nitroparaffin compounds, organ halogens, glycols, and organic peroxides; on some plastics, such as PET (Soda bottle), they leave an impression and pierce them; when combined with certain metals, they generate hydrogen gas.

The worldwide standard for packaging Caustic Soda Flakes in 25-kilogram multi-layer bags is to prevent the flakes from reacting with carbon dioxide gas and absorbing moisture. The 25 kg bags are placed on pallets or loaded into jumbo bags so that they may be moved more easily by forklifts and cranes, particularly for export.

- Significant chemical changes occur.

- Explosions may be caused by strong shock or heat.

- It is often stable but becomes unstable when heated.

- This substance primarily affects human and animal tissues, including leather, skin, and eyes.

- It interacts efficiently with reducing sugars such as maltose, fructose, and galactose, producing carbon monoxide.

First, weigh and record the weight of 1 cc of the Caustic Soda Liquid sample. Then, dilute it to the desired level (100 cc) with water and transfer 20 cc of the diluted solution to an Erlenmeyer flask. Then, add two drops of phenolphthalein Now, pour a certain quantity of 0.1 normal hydrochloric acid into a burette. Then, gently open the burette and pour the hydrochloric acid drop by drop into the Erlenmeyer flask, while continually shaking the solution in the Erlenmeyer flask. Perform the mixing procedure until the indicator's color changes from purple to colorless and remains unchanged. Now, based on the quantity of acid eaten, the sample's concentration may be determined.

Liquid sodium hydroxide or Caustic Soda Liquid is a potentially dangerous chemical. It may be harmful if it comes into contact with the skin, is ingested, or is inhaled. Consuming liquid sodium hydroxide may result in severe burns, vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, chest and stomach discomfort, and swallowing difficulties. Additionally, damage to the lips, throat, and stomach occurs rapidly. It may irritate the upper respiratory tract severely, resulting in coughing, burning, and trouble breathing.

The adverse effects of Caustic Soda depend on a number of circumstances, including the quantity of sodium hydroxide, the duration of exposure, and whether the substance was touched, ingested, or breathed.

Extremely high concentrations of liquid sodium hydroxide may result in permanent harm or death when in contact with the eyes, skin, digestive tract, or lungs. Dermatitis may result from prolonged or recurrent skin contact. Inhaling Caustic Soda fumes repeatedly might cause lifelong lung injury.

To utilize Caustic Soda Liquid, anti-acid gloves, acid-resistant clothing, and acid-resistant footwear must be used.

- Eye contact: Use special chemical goggles.

- Occupational contact: Gloves, work clothing, and work shoes resistant to chemicals, as well as a shower and eye protection, are required in locations where this material is present.

- Respiratory contact: When dealing with chemicals, use appropriate masks.

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To download the TDS of Caustic Soda, you can click the "INFORMATION REQUEST AND PRODUCT SAMPLE" button below the product photos. We will send you the necessary information as soon as possible, or use the "ANY QUESTION?" form on the bottom right of the page.

To download the specification PDF of Caustic Soda, you can click the "INFORMATION REQUEST AND PRODUCT SAMPLE" button below the product photos. We will send you the necessary information as soon as possible, or use the "ANY QUESTION?" form on the bottom right of the page.

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