POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX)

WHAT IS POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX)?

Polyethylene Wax, commonly known as PE Wax, is a low molecular weight polyethylene polymer that is utilized for its beneficial characteristics of lubrication, viscosity modulation, and improved product physical appearance. It is a semi-crystalline, hard, and brittle material, typically appearing as small pellets or flakes. Here’s a concise breakdown of its primary features:

1. Origin: PE Wax can be derived through various processes, including the direct polymerization of ethylene, degradation of high molecular weight polyethylene resin, or direct synthesis from lower molecular weight ethylene homopolymers.

2. Physical Appearance: Usually seen in the form of white beads, flakes, or powders. It might also be available in a prill form.

3. Properties: It’s known for its excellent resistance to chemical agents, thermal stability, and a high melting point. Due to its nature, it offers reduced internal and external friction.

4. Compatibility: PE Wax exhibits compatibility with a plethora of materials, which makes it versatile in its applications. It’s often mixed with paraffin waxes to enhance certain characteristics.

5. Utility: Predominantly used as a lubricant, flow improver, or processing aid, particularly in the plastics industry. Moreover, it serves as a dispersing agent for pigments and fillers.

Remember, while PE Wax is prevalent in numerous industries, it’s crucial to select the appropriate grade and type to suit specific applications, ensuring optimal performance.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) TYPES AND GRADES

Understanding the types and grades of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is essential for choosing the right variant for your specific application. Here are the primary categories:

Types:

1. Low-Density PE Wax: Lighter in weight, used in applications that require less rigidity and more flexibility.

2. High-Density PE Wax: Offers more rigidity and is suited for more demanding applications, including industrial-grade lubricants.

3. Oxidized PE Wax: Treated to include oxygen-containing functional groups, this type is often used as an emulsifier.

4. Non-Oxidized PE Wax: Generally used as a lubricant and friction reducer.

5. Functionalized PE Wax: Modified for special purposes, such as to improve adhesion or compatibility with polar resins.

Grades:

1. Industrial Grade: Ideal for use in heavy-duty applications like road construction, industrial lubricants, and paint manufacturing.

2. Food-Grade: Meets strict safety guidelines and is suitable for food packaging materials.

3. Pharmaceutical Grade: Passes rigorous purity tests and is used in pharmaceutical applications.

4. Cosmetic Grade: Utilized in the manufacture of cosmetics and personal care products, adhering to stringent safety and quality standards.

Custom Grades:

Sometimes, PE Waxes are custom-formulated to meet specific requirements, including varying molecular weights or containing specialized additives for particular applications.

When selecting a PE Wax, it’s crucial to consult with suppliers and experts to understand which type and grade will best meet your needs. Always consider factors such as thermal stability, hardness, and chemical resistance when making your selection.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) HISTORY

The story of Polyethylene Wax, much like other petrochemical derivatives, is deeply rooted in the evolution of polymer science and the oil and gas industry. Here’s a brief chronology of its development:

1. 1930s:

   • Polyethylene, the base material for PE Wax, was discovered by scientists Eric Fawcett and Reginald Gibson at the ICI (Imperial Chemical Industries) company in England. They produced polyethylene accidentally while attempting to react ethylene under high pressure with benzaldehyde.

2. Late 1930s to 1940s:

   • The potential of Polyethylene as a revolutionary plastic was recognized. With World War II looming, the material’s insulation properties made it crucial for radar cabling. During these years, methods to derive other useful products from polyethylene, including PE Wax, were also explored.

3. 1950s:

   • The post-war era saw a significant boom in the plastics industry. There was a widespread realization of the multiple benefits and applications of polyethylene-derived products. PE Wax started gaining prominence as an industrial lubricant, plastic processing aid, and in the cosmetics industry.

4. 1970s and 1980s:

   • With advancements in refining and polymer processing techniques, more types and grades of PE Wax became available. Oxidized and functionalized PE Waxes emerged, catering to diverse industry needs.

5. 1990s to Present:

   • The applications of PE Wax diversified further. Today, it’s not just limited to industrial and cosmetic applications. It’s used in a myriad of products, from inks to coatings, textiles, and beyond. Environmental considerations have also led to efforts to produce more sustainable and eco-friendly PE Wax variants.

The journey of PE Wax mirrors that of the larger polymer and petrochemical industries. As technology and scientific understanding have grown, so have the applications and varieties of this versatile product.

POLYETHYLENE WAX OTHER NAMES

Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is known in the industry and market by various names, often based on its specific applications, properties, or even based on branding by manufacturers. Here are some of its commonly recognized names and terms associated with it:

1. Polyethylene Homopolymer Wax: This term is more technical and elaborates on its chemical nature, specifying that it is a homopolymer derived from ethylene.

2. PE Wax: A common abbreviation used in industries and commercial arenas.

3. Polywax: Often used as a generic term for polyethylene-based waxes.

4. Fischer-Tropsch Waxes: Although not strictly PE Wax, these waxes are sometimes confused with or categorized alongside PE Wax because of their similar appearance and properties.

5. Low Molecular Weight Polyethylene (LMWPE): This refers to the fact that PE Wax is derived from polyethylene with a low molecular weight.

6. Ethene Homopolymer Wax: Another term reflecting its chemical lineage.

7. Branded Names: Manufacturers might have specific brand names for their PE Wax products. These vary from one producer to another and are often used for marketing purposes.

When sourcing or researching about PE Wax, it’s essential to be aware of these alternative names to ensure clarity and make informed decisions.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) HS CODE, CHEMICAL FORMULA, AND CAS NUMBER

To facilitate international trade, standardize product categorization, and ensure proper tracking, various codes and identifiers are used. Here are the fundamental details for Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax):

1. HS Code: The Harmonized System (HS) Code for Polyethylene Wax can vary based on the region and specific grade of the product. A commonly used HS code for PE Wax is 3404.90, but it’s essential to check with local customs and trade regulations for the most accurate and current code for your region.

2. Chemical Formula: PE Wax is a polymer, so it doesn’t have a fixed chemical formula like small molecules. However, its base unit, which repeats in the polymer chain, is derived from ethylene with the formula -CH2-CH2-.

3. CAS Number: The Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) number for Polyethylene is 9002-88-4. It’s worth noting that CAS numbers are assigned to every chemical described in open scientific literature, ensuring a unique identifier.

For specific trade or manufacturing operations, it’s recommended to verify these details with relevant industry bodies, regulatory agencies, or trusted suppliers to ensure accuracy and compliance.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) COMPONENTS AND MATERIALS

Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is a synthesized wax primarily derived from polyethylene, a polymer made from ethylene monomers. While the basic constitution of PE Wax is polyethylene, its overall composition and properties can vary based on the processing method and any additives or modifiers used. Here’s a breakdown of its components and related materials:

1. Base Component:

• Polyethylene: As the name suggests, PE Wax is primarily composed of polyethylene. It’s a type of thermoplastic polymer made from ethylene monomers. PE Wax is essentially a lower molecular weight version of polyethylene.

2. Modifiers (for specific grades or types):

• Functional Groups: For some PE Waxes, especially oxidized variants, functional groups like carboxylic acids or alcohols might be introduced to enhance certain properties.
• Stabilizers: To enhance the thermal stability of PE Wax, especially when used in high-temperature applications.
• Plasticizers: Occasionally added to modify the flexibility or moldability of the wax.

3. Additives (to cater to specific applications):

• Lubricants: Sometimes added to enhance the lubricating properties of PE Wax in certain applications.
• Dyes or Pigments: When color is required, especially in cosmetic or decorative applications.
• Fillers: Materials like talc or calcium carbonate might be added to alter the physical properties of the wax.

4. Residual Catalysts:

• Traces of catalysts, like Ziegler-Natta catalysts, might be present if they were used in the polymerization of ethylene.

5. Impurities:

• Depending on the refining and purification process, minute amounts of other petrochemical derivatives or residual solvents might be present.

When sourcing PE Wax or using it for specific applications, it’s essential to check its specification sheet or material data sheet. This documentation provides detailed information about its composition, any additives or modifiers, and guides users on its optimal application.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) PRODUCTION PROCESS

The production of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) is closely tied to the polymerization and subsequent processing of polyethylene. Several methods are commonly used to produce PE Wax, and the choice of process often depends on the required properties of the end product. Here’s an overview of some common production processes:

1. Polymerization:

• Ethylene Gas: The primary raw material, ethylene gas, is polymerized to create polyethylene.
• Catalysts: Ziegler-Natta catalysts or metallocene catalysts are often used to initiate the polymerization.

2. Cracking:

• High Molecular Weight Polyethylene: To convert high molecular weight polyethylene to PE Wax, a thermal or catalytic cracking process is employed.
• Outcome: This reduces the molecular weight and produces PE Wax along with other polyethylene by-products.

3. Oxidation:

• Air or Oxygen: Introduced to polyethylene at elevated temperatures.
• Purpose: To create oxidized PE Waxes that have functional groups, improving compatibility with polar resins.

4. Solvent Recovery:

• In some methods, solvents are used to purify or modify the PE Wax.
• Distillation: Solvents are typically recovered by distillation and can be reused in the process.

5. Additives:

• Modifiers: Functional groups, stabilizers, or lubricants are added to enhance specific properties.
• Mixing: Thorough mixing ensures even distribution of additives.

6. Extrusion or Pelletizing:

• Form: The final PE Wax is often formed into pellets or flakes for easier handling and application.
• Cutting: Specialized equipment is used to cut or form the wax into the desired shape and size.

7. Quality Control:

• Testing: The PE Wax undergoes a series of tests to confirm it meets specified quality standards.

8. Packaging:

• Material: Often packed in bags depending on the application and transport requirements.

While the above represents a generalized overview, specifics can vary depending on the producer and the desired attributes of the final product. Always refer to the documentation provided by your PE Wax supplier for details on the production methods they employ.

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• Iran Polyethylene Wax / Iran PE Wax
• Turkey Polyethylene Wax / Turkey PE Wax
• UAE Polyethylene Wax / UAE PE Wax

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) SPECIFICATIONS (Common Grades)

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) DURABILITY

Durability is a key factor when evaluating the quality and applicability of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) in various industrial sectors. Here’s what you need to know about the durability of PE Wax:

1. Thermal Stability:

• PE Wax generally exhibits good thermal stability, which is essential for high-temperature applications like hot-melt adhesives and plastic processing.

2. Chemical Resistance:

• It is chemically inert in most conditions, making it resistant to various solvents, acids, and bases. However, oxidized grades may react differently.

3. Long Shelf Life:

• When stored under proper conditions, PE Wax can have an extended shelf life, often ranging from 2 to 5 years depending on the manufacturer’s guidelines.

4. Mechanical Durability:

• PE Wax can enhance the mechanical properties of composite materials, providing added durability to the finished product.

5. UV Resistance:

• Some grades of PE Wax can offer UV stability, thereby increasing the lifespan of products exposed to sunlight.

6. Oxidation:

• While generally stable, PE Wax can be oxidized to create oxidized waxes with different characteristics. Oxidation, if unintended, could affect the product’s durability.

7. Moisture Resistance:

• PE Wax is hydrophobic, making it resistant to water absorption, which in turn contributes to its durability.

8. Compatibility:

• Its compatibility with other polymers and additives can influence the overall durability of the end product in composite materials or blends.

9. Wear and Tear:

• In lubrication applications, PE Wax can reduce wear and tear, extending the life of mechanical parts.

For specific applications, it’s crucial to consult the technical data sheets and conduct necessary tests to ensure the PE Wax grade you’re considering meets your durability requirements. Always align the choice of PE Wax with its intended application for optimal durability.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) PERFORMANCE

Performance attributes of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) determine its efficacy in a wide range of applications. These attributes are influenced by its molecular weight, level of refinement, type (e.g., oxidized or non-oxidized), and any additives present. Below are key performance characteristics:

1. Lubricity:

• PE Wax serves as an excellent internal and external lubricant for PVC and other plastics, facilitating smooth processing and enhancing surface properties.

2. Viscosity Control:

• In liquid formulations, like inks and coatings, PE Wax plays a role in controlling and reducing viscosity.

3. Dispersibility:

• PE Wax enhances the dispersion of pigments and fillers in color masterbatches and printing inks.

4. Gloss and Surface Finish:

• It can enhance the gloss and smoothness of surfaces in applications like paints, varnishes, and coatings.

5. Adhesion:

• While PE Wax itself isn’t inherently adhesive, its presence can modify the adhesion properties of certain formulations, like hot melt adhesives.

6. Heat Stability:

• PE Wax shows stability under elevated temperatures, crucial for plastic processing, extrusion, and molding applications.

7. Scratch Resistance:

• When used in coatings or surface treatments, it provides improved resistance to scratching and marring.

8. Water Repellency:

• Its hydrophobic nature imparts water-repellent properties to treated surfaces or materials.

9. Chemical Inertness:

• PE Wax is chemically stable and doesn’t react with most substances, which is advantageous in ensuring the integrity of formulations.

10. Compatibility:

• It’s compatible with various polymers and resins, which makes it a versatile additive in a wide array of applications.

11. Blocking Resistance:

• PE Wax can be used to reduce or eliminate the blocking tendency (unwanted adhesion between layers) in films or sheets.

12. Melt Point:

• The melt point can vary based on the grade and is an important factor in determining its suitability for specific applications.

When selecting a PE Wax for a specific application, understanding these performance attributes is vital. It’s also essential to conduct tests and refer to technical data sheets provided by manufacturers to ensure the product aligns with the desired outcomes.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) SAFETY TIPS

Handling and using Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) requires careful attention to safety standards. While it’s generally considered non-toxic and safe, there are still some guidelines to consider:

1. Storage:

• Temperature: Store in a cool, dry place away from direct sunlight and heat to prevent unwanted melting or degradation.
• Packaging: Ensure that the packaging remains sealed to prevent contamination.

2. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE):

• Gloves: Wear suitable gloves to protect hands from prolonged contact.
• Eye Protection: Safety goggles can prevent any splashes from reaching the eyes, especially in liquid applications.
• Respiratory Protection: When handling powdered forms, wearing a dust mask can prevent inhalation of fine particles.

3. Handling:

• Avoid prolonged skin contact. While PE Wax isn’t harmful, some individuals may have sensitivities.
• Use tools or spatulas when handling to minimize direct contact.

4. Melting:

• When melting PE Wax, ensure the setup has adequate ventilation to disperse any fumes.
• Use precise temperature controls to avoid overheating and potential degradation.

5. Disposal:

• Dispose of PE Wax as per local regulations. While it’s not considered hazardous, it’s best to ensure it’s disposed of properly to minimize environmental impact.

6. Fire Safety:

• While PE Wax has a high flash point and isn’t easily ignitable, it’s still flammable under certain conditions. Ensure fire extinguishers are accessible in areas where it’s processed.
• Avoid using water to extinguish PE Wax fires; it can spread the fire. Use appropriate fire-extinguishing media like CO2, dry chemical, or foam.

7. Spills:

• For solid spills, sweep up the material and place it in suitable containers for recovery or disposal.
• For molten spills, allow the material to solidify before cleanup.

8. Compatibility:

• Always ensure that PE Wax is compatible with other substances in a mixture to prevent unexpected reactions or by-products.

9. Health Monitoring:

• In industrial settings, periodic health monitoring of workers exposed to PE Wax is recommended to detect any potential issues early.

10. Training:

• Ensure all personnel handling PE Wax are adequately trained on its properties, potential risks, and safe handling procedures.

As always, it’s crucial to refer to the Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS) or Safety Data Sheet (SDS) provided by the manufacturer or supplier for specific safety guidelines regarding a particular grade or type of PE Wax.

HOW TO USE POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX)?

The use of Polyethylene Wax (PE Wax) varies based on the industry and application. Here’s a guideline on how to use PE Wax in various sectors:

1. Plastic Processing:

• Lubricant: Integrate PE Wax with plastic compounds to function as a lubricant during extrusion or injection molding.
• Dosage: Typically 0.1 to 2% by weight, depending on the polymer type and processing conditions.

2. Paints and Coatings:

• Mixing: Add PE Wax in powdered or emulsified form to paints or coatings to improve surface properties.
• Benefits: Enhances scratch resistance, gloss, and offers water repellency.

3. Printing Inks:

• Incorporation: Mix PE Wax directly into ink formulations to improve slip and rub resistance.
• Method: Disperse using bead mills, three-roll mills, or high-speed mixers.

4. Adhesives:

• Hot-Melt Adhesives: Melt PE Wax and blend it with other adhesive components.
• Function: Acts as a plasticizer and can modify the set time.

5. Textiles:

• Application: Can be applied as an emulsion to textiles to impart water repellency or modify the fabric feel.
• Method: Typically applied during the finishing process.

6. Cosmetics:

• Cosmetic Formulations: Add PE Wax to cosmetics to enhance texture or stability.
• Usage: Often used in lipsticks, mascaras, and creams.

7. Rubber:

• Mixing: Blend PE Wax into rubber compounds to improve processing.
• Benefits: Can act as a lubricant and can also modify the final product’s properties.

8. Masterbatches:

• Dispersion: Facilitates the dispersion of pigments and fillers in plastic masterbatches.
• Process: Incorporate directly during the compounding process.

9. Candles:

• Addition: Mix PE Wax with paraffin or other waxes to modify the burning characteristics or appearance.
• Benefits: Can improve the hardness, gloss, or opacity of candles.

10. Leather and Shoe Polish:

• Formulation: Integrate PE Wax into polishes to impart a shine and protective layer.
• Application: Applied as a final finish to leather products.

11. Board and Paper:

• Emulsion: Apply a PE Wax emulsion to paper or board to make it water or grease resistant.
• Usage: Common in food packaging materials.

For all applications, it’s crucial to conduct preliminary tests and trials to determine the optimal amount and method of applying PE Wax. Always consult technical data sheets and, if available, manufacturer guidelines to ensure the best results.

POLYETHYLENE WAX (PE WAX) PROPERTIES AND FEATURES

One of the most prevalent lubricants is polyethylene wax, which is also known as PE Wax. This substance is a kind of wax that is constructed from polyethylene. In a generic sense, the term “wax” refers to organic compounds that remain solid even when the temperature is at room temperature. On the other hand, the same substances turn into liquids when they are subjected to temperatures that are greater than those of their surroundings. When the temperature in the environment drops, this factor is also responsible for causing this material to become more compact and to gather itself. Polyethylene wax, on the other hand, will grow in volume if it is subjected to a rise in temperature.

Therefore, in a broad sense, one can say that fluctuations in temperature play a very essential part in the emergence of polyethylene wax. In point of fact, the degree to which this material can bend is proportional to the temperature of the surrounding environment. Therefore, one might say that polyethylene wax is insoluble at room temperature and in organic solvents; nevertheless, at higher temperatures, one could say that it is soluble in aliphatic and chlorinated hydrocarbons. Polyethylene wax, on the other hand, is dissolvable in the vast majority of non-polar solvents. We can include this item’s low molecular weight, its viscosity, as well as its density and melting point, among the fundamental characteristics of the product that it has.

• Hardness
• Gloss
• Dispersibility
• Emulsification
• Thermodynamic Melting Points
• Form, crystallinity, and melting point
• The requisite heat and temperature for crystallization
• Adhesion
• The ability to repel water
• Thermostability
• The Formation of a Film
• Viscosity at melting
• Reactivity, polarity
• Nonreactivity to chemicals

These properties allow PE-waxes to perform a variety of important tasks, such as:

• Inert, non-sticky films are created and employed as mold release agents as “release” or “parting.”
• Wetting and dispersing – Because pe-wax has a low viscosity, it can readily wet pigments or additives, which leads to better dispersion quality.
• Retention/rheology – to make pastes for polishes or change the rheological qualities in coating formulations.
• Surface modification – to enhance the hydrophobicity, sealing, smoothness, gloss, matting, slide, anti-blocking, scratch resistance, abrasion resistance, and mar resistance in coatings and printing inks.
• Viscosity adjustment entails reducing viscosity to aid in the processing of the finished product.
• Lubricating – by providing internal and exterior lubrication as a result of reduced friction.